Monday, August 20, 2012

Muslims, you are allowed to drink!

Keen students of the Qur'an will know of the theory of abrogation - when Allah sends down a verse which seemingly contradicts a previous one Muslims must follow the doctrine that the latter verse supersedes the older verse. This docrine is explained in the Qur'an itself:
"None of our revelations do We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, but We substitute something better or similar- Knowest thou not that Allah hath power over all things?" 16:101
Abrogation is important when one is trying to understand the reasons behind the strict Islamic ruling which states that Muslims are not allowed to drink. For it seems that the Qur'an is not as clear on this matter as we have been led to believe.

So where in the Qur'an does it state that alcohol is haraam or forbidden? Here is a reply on a QA site written by Muslims to the question: Why is alcohol forbidden in Islam?
Intoxicants were forbidden in the Qur'an through several separate verses revealed at different times over a period of years. At first, it was forbidden for Muslims to attend to prayers while intoxicated (4:43). Then a later verse was revealed which said that alcohol contains some good and some evil, but the evil is greater than the good (2:219). This was the next step in turning people away from consumption of it. Finally, "intoxicants and games of chance" were called "abominations of Satan's handiwork," intended to turn people away from God and forget about prayer, and Muslims were ordered to abstain (5:90-91). (Note - the Qur'an is not arranged chronologically, so later verses of the book were not necessarily revealed after earlier verses.)
This seems to be a full and reasonable answer and I'm sure many Muslims reading this would be reassured. Nonetheless, those who know their Qur'an well will immediately realise that an important verse has been omitted from the seemingly authoritative explanation.
Surah 16 (Nahl) has many verses describing the beneficence of Allah which enumerate what He has provided for us.
From water:
Allah sendeth down water from the sky and therewith revives the earth after her death! Lo! herein is indeed a portent for a folk who hear. 16:65
..to milk:
And lo! in the cattle there is a lesson for you. We give you to drink of that which is in their bellies, from betwixt the refuse and the blood, pure milk palatable to the drinkers. 16:66
and honey:
And thy Lord inspired the bee, saying: Choose thou habitations in the hills and in the trees and in that which they thatch;
Then eat of all fruits, and follow the ways of thy Lord, made smooth (for thee). There cometh forth from their bellies a drink diverse of hues, wherein is healing for mankind. Lo! herein is indeed a portent for people who reflect. 16: 68-69

...and in the very middle of this list of the wonderful things which Allah has provided for us comes...ALCOHOL:
And of the fruits of the date palm, and grapes, whence ye derive strong drink and (also) good nourishment. Lo! therein, is indeed a sign for people who have sense.

Isn't it strange how the good people at about.islam.com neglected to mention this verse? Perhaps it was an oversight and other Islamic sites do better. Here's another one which mentions the many verses which tell Muslims how angry Allah will be if they drink or gamble but signally fails to give their readers the full picture.
Why is this do you think?

Might it be that the doctrine of abrogation begins to look a little desperate when the verses stand in such blatant contradiction to each other? How can Allah on the one hand say alcohol is a gift to humanity in the same way as water, milk and honey are, and then later perform a complete volt-face so that it is utterly forbidden. Are the keepers of the mysteries of Islam worried that if they allow the full picture to emerge, Muslims will start to question the whole dubious doctrine of abrogation?

Now before I go any further I perhaps need to mention that there are some Islamic sites (such as the despicable quranandscience.com) which mention 16:67. But strangely enough the translations they give leave out any suggestion that the verse refers to alcoholic drink. Here's a typical example:
"And from the fruit of the date-palm and the vine ye get out wholesome drink and food: behold in this also is a Sign for those who are wise."
Why should such sites feel the need to change or interpret the words of Allah, do you think? 

One last thing. Some Muslims have taken the final words of the verse (Therein is a sign for people who have sense) as an indication  that we are supposed to view the fact that we can get both  liquor and nourishment as an example of how we can choose to make both good and bad use of Allah's gifts.  This might hold water were it not for the CONTEXT of the verse. You will have noticed that ALL the other verses in this section of Nahl also have similar words about signs, portents or lessons:
verse 65: Lo! herein is indeed a portent for a folk who hear (about water)
verse 66And lo! in the cattle there is a lesson for you (about milk)
verse 67: Therein is a sign/portent for people who have sense (about alcohol)
verse 69: Lo! herein is indeed a portent for people who reflect (about honey)

We thus have a very clear series of gifts that Allah has given us and upon which we are to supposed to reflect. Nothing more, nothing less.

For those who read the Qur'an with an open mind without the weight of scholarly "wisdom" to hamstring our interpretation, it is clear that the author of the Qur'an meant for his followers to treat alcohol as a gift from God - just like the Jews and Christians did  (whom Muhammad was so keen to attract when he was writing the early surahs. Is it too much to suppose that Muhammad, in saying that alcohol was an important gift from God in the new religion was trying to attract the Jews and Christians who he knew used alcohol in their ceremonies? It is perhaps worth reminding readers how Jerusalem was the direction of prayer in the early surahs before this was abrogated as well and the followers were told to pray to Mecca.)

He then changed his mind. Just like a human author is want to do.

Note: Before any Muslim tells me that they AREN'T allowed to drink alcohol...I know. It was meant to be nothing more than a thought-provoking title...and I hope readers HAVE thought a little more about the issue of alcohol and how and when it came to be haraam.




25 comments:

  1. are you seriously suggesting that Allah originally said humans could drink alcohol??
    where is your evidence??

    ReplyDelete
  2. And "of the fruits" of the date-palm and grapes, whence ye derive strong drink (ie alcohol) and also good nourishment (ie. juices). Lo! "therein is indeed" a portent for people who have sense.

    Even though you try to put context to the verse, I still feel, if it is read properly it is not speaking of the virtues of alcohol or the juice but of the fruits.

    The subject of the sentence is the Date Palm and Grape fruits. It says: "And of the fruits of the date-palm, and grapes" from which you derive whatever, therein (the subject) is a portent for sensible people.

    I know as usual the Qur'an can be vague hence leading to another contentious issue. And of course the fact that Islamic sites do not mention it at all just goes to show their fear of tackling the controversy.

    Also to claim that alcohol is permitted in the Qur'an from verse 6:67 would contradict all the things he said on the matter in the Sunnah:

    Sahih Muslim 10:3840 - Allah's Messenger said: Verily Allah and His Messenger have forbidden the sale of wine, carcass, swine and idols.
    Sahih Muslim 23:4962 - Allah's Messenger said: He who drank wine in this world would be deprived of it in the Hereafter.
    Sahih Muslim 17:4226 - A person who had drunk wine was brought to Allah's Apostle. He gave him forty stripes with two lashes. But when Umar was Caliphate prescribed the mildest punishment for drinking is eighty stripes.

    Just my 2 pence!

    Azim

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Thanks, Azim. I would agree were it not for two things:
      1. the fact that this surah comes in the early years when Muhammad was saying to his followers that they should pray facing Jerusalem in the hope of gaining followers from Judaism. (It wasn't until January 624, during the salat prayer, that he told the congregation to turn around so that they faced in the direction of Mecca rather than Jerusalem.)
      2. the fact that in both Judaism and Christianity the drinking of wine plays a central role. The Jews, for example, during Shabat meals every Friday night and Saturday afternoon, make a blessing over a cup of wine before the meal ..whilst wine, of course, is fundamental to the Christian Eucharist.
      It therefore seems totally logical that Muhammad should have stressed the importance of wine for this new religion at the beginning.
      It wasn't until later that he began to have doubts. As it became obvious that the Jews were never going to believe his revelation so he changed the direction of prayer and started to initiate the banning of alcohol - first by saying that the Muslims mustn't come to prayers when they were drunk and then, finally, by announcing that all alcohol was haraam.

      Delete
    2. and, one might add, the making of alcohol haraam was an excellent way for Muhammad to differentiate his new religion from the other monotheistic faiths ONCE it had become clear the Jews were rejecting him (just as turning one's backs on Jerusalem to pray served the same purpose)

      Delete
  3. Have only recently discovered this blog and with several Muslim friends and colleagues (some more 'radical' than others) find the articles and comments very interesting. On the subject of drink, a book by Christoph Luxenberg, "Die Syro-Aaramaische Lesart es Koran" (currently only available in German) suggests that the language of Mohammed was Syriac and not Arabic. This thesis has apparently caused some interest amongst scholars of Semitic languages. If the thesis is correct, instead of 72 houris waiting in the Islamic hereafter, there will be drinks of white raisins of crystal clarity'. In Syriac, the the 'hur' is a feminie plural adjective usually relating to raisins. Similarly the immortal pearl-like youths of suras such as LXXVI.19 is really a misreading the Syriac expression meaning chilled raisins, or drinks. Whether these would be alcoholic or not is not known. I have tried to discuss this with my colleagues and few will enter into a converation about it. It may be ironic that all these Islamic fundamentalist suicide bombers are expecting a life of paradise with ever compliant virgins and all they may actually receive is a drink and box of Sun Valley dried fruit!

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Hi Anon - yes I had heard about this although i think his theory has been disproved. pity - nice thought!

      Delete
    2. Yes Spinoza it's so easily disproved:

      They say houris are raisins that men would risk going into battle for? Would you sacrifice your life for a few raisins?

      Let's see what the Qur'an says about houri raisins in heaven in the proper context:

      Q37:48 And besides them will be chaste women, restraining their glances, with big eyes of wonder and beauty. Pure (virgin) as they were hidden eggs of the ostrich.
      Why would raisins need to be like hidden eggs of the ostrich, ie pure and untouched?

      Q44:54 …and We will wed them with houris (dark-eyed virgins) pure, beautiful ones.
      Being wed to a raisin? Not much of an incentive to enter heaven!

      Q52:17-20 Reclining on thrones set in lines, and We will unite them to fair, large-eyed beautiful ones.
      Reclining on thrones and being united with raisins, what a prize.

      Q56:36-37 And made them virgin - pure and undefiled, loving, equals in age
      Oh yes the raisins will be virgin raisins, very loving and the same age as the guys being martyred in battle.

      Q55:56-58 In them will be bashful virgins neither man nor Jinn will have touched before... As though they were rubies and corals
      Imagine getting raisins like rubies and corals that no man or jinn has touched. Those raisins must have been picked by women.

      Q55:72-77 Pure ones, close-guarded in pavilions, whom no man or Jinn before them has touched reclining on green cushions and rich carpets of beauty.
      Special raisins that recline on green cushions and must be guarded in pavilions.

      And what about the Sunnah:

      Ibn Majah, 5:4337 Allah’s Messenger said: “Allah will not admit anyone into Paradise but Allah, the Mighty and glorious will marry him with seventy two wives, Every one of them will have a pleasant vagina and he (the man) will have sexual organ that does not bend down during sexual intercourse.”
      Men will look forward to marrying 72 raisins each of which has pleasant vaginas. And the these guys will need eternal erections to caress and savour these raisins.

      Al-Tirmizi, volume 2, pg 35-40: The Prophet said: A houri is a most beautiful young woman with a transparent body. The marrow of her bones is visible like the interior lines of pearls and rubies. She looks like red wine in a white glass. She is of white color, and free from the routine physical disabilities of an ordinary woman such as menstruation, menopause, urinal and offal discharge, child bearing and the related pollution. A houri is a girl of tender age, having large breasts which are round (pointed), and not inclined to dangle. Houris dwell in palaces of splendid surroundings.

      And based on the Prophet's description of these raisins we understand that they are transparent, has no physical disabilities. Strangely enough these raisins do not menstruate or undergo menopause. They don't even urinate or bare baby raisins. These raisins are of a tender age with large self supporting breasts living in grande palaces.

      Wow I must say this really makes Jannat so much more enticing for me. I really have to revert to Islam to ensure I can enjoy these raisins for eternity!

      One really has mighty gullible to fall for these modern day apologetics.

      Azim

      Delete
    3. Azim,
      Perhaps sarcasm is one of the few weaknesses of mankind that Islam allows? Not being a scholar of Islam, I have merely put forward a fairly recent theory - now disproved, so it seems, or has it? In August 2001, Hamas activist Muhammed Abu Wardeh, a recruiter of terrorists for suicide bombings in Israel, was quoted as saying, "If you become a martyr, God will gie you 70 virgins, 70 wives and everlasting happiness as the reward for sacrficing your life." However, other Islamic activists refer to 72 virgins. Perhaps Abu Wardeh planned on keeping an extra 2 virgins per martyr for himself when he finally reached that paradise?
      From information given to me by Muslim friends and as you will no doubt be aware, the Koran gives details of the Islamic paradise in sura 55 verses 54 - 56, sura 56 verses 12 - 40 and sura 76 verses 12 - 22 but apparently nowhere in the Koran does it mention 72 virgins. Perhaps you could correct me on this? Also, I am told the Koran states that 'heavenly houris' (angels, raisins?) will be available for all Muslims who enter heaven and not just those who play starburst with their bodies. Again, I am willing to be corrected, but please, no sarcasm this time as it only belittles the user.

      Delete
    4. Hey Anon, don't take my post personally. It was only intended to bring a little humour to the blog.

      Anyway, you are right there is no reference to the number of houris you get in the Qur'an. Not even in the Sahih hadiths. However the fact that you do get many houris and their attributes are very well described in both these scriptures.

      All men entering Jannat do get houris not just the ones being a starburst. However there are many grades of Jannat and according to Muhammad the martyrs for Islam attain the highest level, hence presumably the most houris as we read in the following hadith.

      Sahih Muslim 20:4645 - Whoever cheerfully accepts Allah, Islam and Muhammad is entitled to enter Paradise. But there is another act which elevates the position of a man in Paradise to a grade one hundred times higher, Jihad in the way of Allah! Jihad in the way of Allah!

      Azim

      Delete
    5. Azim,
      Thanks for the reply. Wonder where the magic figure of 72 (or 70 in Abu Wardeh's world) came from?
      What about women? Do they enter the Islamic paradise too? It could be deemed unfair if they don't, especially as so many of them seem to be used for starburst duty. What do women get out of Islam? Surely, it's an equal opportunity religion? If they are allowed in, do they also get 72-ish (male) virgins? My wife reckons she can't think of anything worse than 72 men who have no idea what is where or what to do when they find it!

      Delete
  4. We Jews have a festival where we are SUPPOSED to get steamed - it's called Purim. So yes, wine plays an important part in our religion and i would say it's quite reasonable to suggest that Muhammad might have praised wine as a way to ingratiate himself and his new religion with the Jews.
    David B

    ReplyDelete
  5. Anon, The 72 virgins is taken from Ibn Majah verse 5:4337 which I quoted in my earlier post (August 21, 2012 4:28 PM).
    About women, there is a hadith where Muhammad states that hell is made up mostly of women because "they curse too much, are ungrateful to your husbands, lack commonsense, fail in religion and rob wisdom of the wise." Sahih Muslim 1:142.

    If they do get into Jannat then they are destined only to be with the person who was their earthly husband and hence compete with the houris. Their is a nice hadith that explains the resentfulness that will occur in heaven between the wife and her husband's houris:

    Ibn-i-Majah 3:2014 Allah’s Messenger said, “A woman does not annoy her husband but his spouse from amongst the houris will say: Do not annoy him, may Allah ruin you. He is with you as a passing guest. Very soon, he will part with you and come to us.”

    So a woman does not get the same rewards as men in the afterlife. Islam is strictly a male orientated club.

    Azim

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Azim,
      Thanks for that. Sounds a bit mysoginistic to me. Do Muslim men really hate their women that much, or are they really afraid of them and the power they hold? Makes me wonder why a lot of the suicide attacks are carried out by women. A number of the wives of my Muslim friends are quite vocal in their praise for Islam, especially when their husbands are around, yet are sometimes reticent when they're not (they're westernised enough for them to be with other males who are not their husbands or relatives).
      I do know that they're not allowed to be in the same room in the mosque when praying (something about men becoming inflamed with desire if they are seen - possibly an example of their power on men's emotions). As regards the number 72 mentioned above, the thought of having 72 mothers-in-law, or mothers of houris, constantly nagging at one doesn't sound like much of a paradise to me! On a more serious note, the thought of a paradise seems to be a contradiction in terms. It is human nature to advance, to explore, to experiment, to learn and to experience new sensations. The term paradise also gives an impression of perfection, which means that to explore and advance would be of no benefit as it is impossible to improve on perfection. This surely means that when residing in paradise, the men will stagnate and even the thought of having sex with 72 women, who will immediately revert to being virgins after the deed, would eventually pall. You can't live on chicken and cream cheese forever.

      Delete
  6. Jasmine has arrived! Get your boxing gloves on! :)

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Welcome Jasmine!
      For regular readers of Rational Islam who may not know Jasmine, she is a regular commentor at London Muslim blog.
      I look forward to some interesting debates...

      Delete
  7. This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Everyone here is babling about something in which they have no clue. Stop taking stories and verses out of context. How exactly did you judge Islam being male oriented? When Islam came at the time of Persians and Romans none of those empires gave rights to women let alone respect of any sort to them. Slavery was in its peak.
    Therefore....
    Islam at that time announced that:
    1-slavery is forbidden
    2-women have the right to choose who to marry
    3-women have the right to inherit
    4-women were given 3 times the respect to a father by a hadeeth of prophet (pbuh)
    5-women participated in battlefields as a part of the army
    6-and in heaven a woman is a lot more beatiful than the 70 virgin hoor alaien, rewarding a women with more beauty as to what she served in life.
    7-the story about (hell is made mostly of women) meant to teach women not to gossip. Also, not betray, resign their husbends.

    Islam gave all of that 1400 years ago when most of the world lived under horrible laws.

    The elections and democracy? We had that 1400 years ago, although some ppl out of greed changed it but that is not the point.

    The point is, when you take the Quran, you take it all without leaving a part of it.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Saeed,
      I have composed a new post to answer the first of your points.
      http://rationalislam.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/slavery-unfair-criticism-of-quran.html

      Delete
  9. I am new to Islam however the more I learn the more I think I have always been muslim. The following are my beliefs and understanding as of today and may change as I progress in my choosen faith.
    There is no earthly being that can dictate to me the teachings of the prophets. My relationship with Allah is just that MY relationship. The decisions I make I will have to answer for. However I answer to no earthly being about my faith. I have come to Islam after 34 yrs of life, the things I have done before now contradict almost every religious rule that any major religion has put out. However my sins were wiped clean when I accepted Allah in my life. And when I struggle and revert to past behavior I must again answer for that. But just reading this article shows how vastly different we all interpret the teachings.

    ReplyDelete
  10. alcohol is clearly forbidden in Islam so keep away from it, it is the mother towards all evil.

    ReplyDelete
  11. I don't understand the appeal of alcohol, in any case. Hashish is better and safer.

    ReplyDelete
  12. This is insane. You are misleading muslims from a righteous way of living. Eveyrbody knows the effects of alcohol on an individual and family and society. How can you even think such a thing is beyond me. You are twisting the meaning accroding to your own whims and fancies. So please stop preaching

    ReplyDelete
  13. Hi Muhammad,
    I am simply inviting Muslims to reflect and think for themselves.
    I agree entirely that the misuse of alcohol is a terrible thing.
    However, if it is such an evil, one has to ask why God gave us the means to make it in the first place.
    And if I may be allowed to predict your answer...?
    "It's a test..."

    ReplyDelete
  14. Religion is beautiful. It's the mysterious side of human nature, it's so important and so deeply personal. May all of your actions draw you closer to the truth, God, Slef, reality, love, meaning, compassion, being, bliss, eternity.....

    ReplyDelete
  15. DUring the times of the prophet SAWS drinking alcohol was not forbidden, soon people started drinking too much which obviously had side effects. So the prophet SAWS forbade them from drinking too much, after the prophet's death the companions banned drinking.

    ReplyDelete